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Intake and risk assessment of nitrate and nitrite from New Zealand foods and drinking water

Thomson, B.M ; Nokes, C.J ; Cressey, P.J

Food additives and contaminants, 2007-02, Vol.24 (2), p.113-121

London: Taylor & Francis Group

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Título:
Intake and risk assessment of nitrate and nitrite from New Zealand foods and drinking water
Autor: Thomson, B.M ; Nokes, C.J ; Cressey, P.J
Assuntos: Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brassica ; carcinogens ; Diet ; diet recall ; dietary exposure ; dietary intake ; endogenous ; exogenous ; Food Additives - analysis ; Food Analysis ; food contamination ; Food industries ; Fruit and vegetable industries ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Humans ; Hygiene and safety ; maximum permissible intake ; Meat - analysis ; meat products ; Meat Products - analysis ; New Zealand ; nitrate ; nitrates ; Nitrates - analysis ; Nitrite ; nitrites ; Nitrites - analysis ; processed foods ; Risk Assessment ; risk factors ; tap water ; vegetables ; Vegetables - chemistry ; water pollution ; water quality analysis ; Water Supply - analysis
É parte de: Food additives and contaminants, 2007-02, Vol.24 (2), p.113-121
Notas: ObjectType-Article-2
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Descrição: Exposure to excess nitrite is a potential health risk for humans. One hundred meat and processed foods and 100 vegetable samples purchased from New Zealand retail outlets were prepared as for consumption and analysed for nitrite and nitrate concentration using a standard, validated methodology. Nitrate concentrations ranged from less than the limit of detection (LOD = 5 mg kg-1) in cheddar cheese and cream cheese-based dips to 3420 mg kg-1 in lettuce. Nitrite was detected in half the processed foods and meats analysed (levels up to 119 mg kg-1), but detected in only one vegetable sample above the LOD (broccoli at 27 mg kg-1 nitrite). Concentration data were combined with 24 h dietary recall information to generate 4398 individual adult daily exposure scenarios for exogenous nitrite and nitrate including a contribution from water assessed from 1021 drinking water samples. The mean adult daily intake of exogenous nitrate and nitrite from food and water combined was 16 and 13% of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), respectively, and therefore should not pose a health risk for the average consumer. A maximally exposed New Zealand adult is estimated to have an intake of up to seven times the ADI for nitrate. When the endogenous conversion of nitrate to nitrite is taken into account, approximately 10% of people with an average rate of conversion and half of all people with a high rate of conversion are estimated to exceed the ADI. Either the ADI is inappropriate and needs to be re-evaluated, or those individuals who have a high rate of conversion of nitrate to nitrite are at risk to adverse effects of nitrite exposure.
Editor: London: Taylor & Francis Group
Idioma: Inglês

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Intake and risk assessment of nitrate and nitrite from New Zealand foods and drinking water

Thomson, B.M ; Nokes, C.J ; Cressey, P.J

London: Taylor & Francis Group

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